PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.